Ensino e aprendizagem sobre atendimento inicial da parada cardíaca e reanimação cardiopulmonar para estudantes de ensino médio

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers aim to artificially maintain the cerebral arterial flow and other vital organs until the spontaneous circulation is restored, therefore, the attendance of the cardiorespiratory arrest should occur in up to four minutes so that irreversible brain damage does not occur. If this help is promply provided, it increases the survival of the person by 70%. Objectives: To identify the prior knowledge of high school students on cardiorespiratory arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to verify the degree of learning immediately and after three months of theoretical-practical training in basic life support. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. The population comprised 142 high school students from a private institution and 83 from a public one. Data were collected through a questionnaire structured according to the American Heart Association Guidelines (2015), with open and multiple choice questions, applied before the theoretical-practical training on basic life support, immediately after and after three months of the first meeting. The statistic was performed with descriptive analysis and in the inferential scope; Friedman and Mann Whitney Tests were used to analyze the statistical significance between the periods. Results: The training effectiveness was verified through the analysis of pre, post-immediate and post-late scores in both institutions. In the previous evaluation, the private institution performed better than the public one. In the immediate and late evaluations, there were no statistically significant differences between the institutions. The students evaluated had insufficient knowledge about basic life support and, after the intervention there was a significant increase in their learning. The analysis of the post-training periods showed that there are specific issues that have obtained greater absorption of learning: emergency medical service amount, how to ease a person's breathing during a cardiorespiratory arrest, attitude to find someone unconscious, concept of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and local / position of the victim to perform cardiac massage; and also issues with less retention of knowledge: signs of cardiorespiratory arrest, correct cardiorespiratory resuscitation maneuvers and steps to use the automatic external defibrillator. In both institutions, the question about the amount of emergency care in Brazil showed a very significant increase in the number of appointments in the post-training periods. However, a greater number of correct responses were estimated in the pre-training period, considering that the disinformation leads to the delay on the activation of emergency medical services and contributes to the increase of deaths and possible sequels due to lack of proper care. Conclusions: High school education was ideal for disseminating information since the trained student can be able to perform the attendance on cardiorespiratory arrest. The trainings are pertinent and should be systematically provided. Emphasis is placed on nurses' performance in continuum education programs on basic life support for high school students or insertion of this content as an integral part of the school curriculum framework, aiming to provide better care for victims in extra-hospital settings.