Ocorrência de bactérias Staphylococcus spp. Meticilina-Resistentes (MRS) em animais da região de São José do Rio Preto, SP

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial resistance is aggravated by inappropriate use of antibiotics, which amplifies the spread of resistance genes beyond disease-causing microorganisms, which ends up severely limiting the available treatment options, exposing public health risks. Staphylococci are widely distributed and are adapted to survive both in the environment and in the microbiome of humans and animals. These bacteria are responsible for a variety of infections in animals. The manifestation of Staphylococcus varies according to several interacting factors, including host immunity and resistance to antibiotics. Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) in animals treated at veterinary clinics, to identify among the Staphylococcus the most common groups in animal infections and to examine the phenotypic characteristics of resistance of the isolates to the antimicrobials evaluated in the antibiogram test. Material and Methods: The research used secondary data from culture reports and antibiograms of biological samples from animals treated at veterinary clinics in São José do Rio Preto, SP and region. It was a retrospective documentary research, with a mainly quantitative approach. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed based on calculations of measures of central tendency, dispersion and frequency counts. Results: Only the reports that indicated the presence of MRS were considered, totaling 118 cases, of which 94 were dogs (79.7%), 18 cats (15.3%), one bird (0.8%), two cattle (1. 7%), two horses (1.7%) and one lagomorph (0.8%). Of the total MRS isolates analyzed, it was observed that 73 (61.9%) were coagulase-negative, followed by 25 (21.2%) of S.aureus and 20 (16.9%) of other coagulase-positive species. The largest observations were in the auditory canal, representing 28.8% of the biological samples. Conclusions. This is the first study of MRS in animals in the region of São José do Rio Preto, SP. The bacteria examined in the study exhibited resistance to β-lactams, as well as other drug classes such as macrolides, clindamycin and quinolones. Constant monitoring of bacterial resistance is crucial to understanding resistance patterns and preventing public health risks