Ocorrência de enterobactérias produtoras de B-lactamases de Espectro Estendido (ESBL) em animais da região de São José do Rio Preto, SP

Abstract

Introduction: The most important mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics among Gram-negative enterobacteria are β-lactamases. Among them, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), which are enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam ring, however, differ by the extent of their effectiveness and by inactivating a large part of third and fourth generation cephalosporins. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics favors the occurrence and dissemination of these enterobacteria in animals, which is a cause for great concern, as in addition to increasing morbidity and mortality, it implies, above all, increasingly challenging, restricted, and costly therapeutic options. Objectives: To investigate the presence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in different animal species treated in veterinary clinics in the region of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and in biological samples sent to a clinical analysis laboratory from January 2019 to June 2022, as well as evaluating the bacterial resistance profile of the isolated strains to different antibiotics. Material and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out using a predominantly quantitative approach. 105 culture and antibiogram reports of biological samples positive for the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria were evaluated, which were obtained from animals treated in veterinary clinics in the northwest of São Paulo. Results: Samples were identified with strains of Escherichia coli (35.2%), Klebsiella spp. (56.2%) and Proteus mirabilis (8.6%) producing ESBL. Only E. coli was isolated in samples from all animal species evaluated (dog, cat, horse, donkey, bird, bovine and swine). It was possible to identify these enterobacteria in different biological samples, with 63.8% being present in urine. The isolated strains showed resistance to different antibiotics evaluated, as well as high sensitivity to carbapenems. Conclusions: All animal species evaluated in these studies are susceptible to these ESBL-producing enterobacteria, however the occurrence was higher in dogs and cats. The predominant ESBL-producing bacteria was Klebsiella spp. and the one with the lowest occurrence was P. mirabilis. Enterobacteria were mostly identified in urine samples. The isolated strains showed remarkable resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones, and were 100% sensitive to imipenem