Caracterização das gestantes com e sem diabetes mellitus gestacional

Abstract

Compare groups of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus to analyze whether the possible differences between the variables studied are significant in relation to both groups. Material and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study with correlation between variables, using a quantitative approach with analytical design. We analyzed medical records of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus attended at Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto. We gathered 1,532 medical records. Of these, 17 were excluded due to incorrect data inserted in the pregnant women's registered chart. Thus, it was not possible to access the medical records stored at the hospital database. Furthermore, 924 medical records were excluded due to the lack of pertinent information, that is, the fields were not filled properly. Study sample comprised 591 records of pregnant women divided as follows: 47 with gestational diabetes mellitus and 544 without. They were registered in the book of high-risk pregnant women of the Ambulatory Care Facilities (AME). The inclusion criteria were all pregnant women enrolled in the period ranging from August 2014 to July 2016. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data in the pregnant women's registered chart, as well as in medical records. The research instrument was created by the researcher. Data were collected considering the following variables: age, ethnicity, and gestational diabetes mellitus, and complications, number of delivery, number of abortions, medications used, occupation, marital status, and preexisting diseases. Results: Our results showed that in the pregnant women group without gestational diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent age group was from 26 to 30 years old (27.76%). They were white (70.96%), married (37.87%), and working outside home (47.98%). Lower abdominal pain was the main complication (14.37%). Hypertension was the main preexisting disease (19.32%), and the main medication used was Methyldopa (12.34%). In pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent age group ranged from 31 to 35 years old. In the pregnant women group with gestational diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent age group ranged from 31 to 35 years (29.79%). They were white (74.47%), married (51.06%), and housewives (51.06%). The main complication was low abdominal pain (10.07%), and hypertension was the main preexisting disease (38.71%). The main medication used was Glifage (12.50%). Regarding obstetric data, of the pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus, 36.40% were primiparous and 74.26% never had abortions. In pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, 34.04% were primiparous, 34.04% were nulliparous, and 72.34% have never had an abortion. Conclusion: We concluded that age, working outside home, and medication differ between both. Thus, our results showed that pregnant women over 30 years of age and housewives had a greater tendency to present gestational diabetes mellitus.