Investigação da circulação dos vírus chikungunya, dengue, febre amarela e zika em mosquitos Aedes, através das ferramentas de análise espacial associadas às técnicas moleculares

Abstract

Worldwide, arboviruses cause thousands of cases every year and for this reason they are considered an important public health issue. Among them, we can point out Chikungunya (Togaviridae family and genus Alphavirus) and Yellow Fever, Dengue and Zika (Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus). Both transmitted to the man through the bite of the female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The identification of areas with high rates of vector infestation and/or high incidence of disease cases is of the utmost importance for effective control measures. The association between spatial analysis techniques, molecular biology techniques for the identification of viral circulation both in humans and their vectors and the occurrence of infectious diseases are important tools for the control of these pathogens. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was the use of spatial analysis tools associated with entomological and epidemiological studies that can provide important information about the viral circulation in a location, directing the work of field teams to more critical areas, thereby generating effective control actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, we did a larval survey and collection of adult mosquitoes for the calculation of entomological indicators in Vila Toninho neighborhood, SJRP. And the survey of the cases of these arboviruses in the neighborhood, using secondary data obtained from the Municipal Health Secretary. The pools (samples) of adult mosquitoes were identified and separated by species and sex, containing a maximum of 10 mosquitoes per tube (collected in the same trap and on the same day) that were analyzed using molecular biology techniques to identify the circulation of Chikungunya, Yellow Fever, Dengue and Zika viruses. All vector or case information was geocoded and thematic maps were constructed. Information regarding climatic variations has been collected from Ciiagro online site. RESULTS: A total of 7,960 Culicidae mosquitoes were collected, from these 1,795 were Ae. aegypti and 14 Ae. albopictus. A total of 751 pools were analyzed using molecular biology techniques for viral identification; of these 33.57% were positive for one of the four viruses studied, being 2.8% positive for Chikungunya; 5.06% positive for Dengue; 1.46% positive for Yellow Fever and 14.25% positive for Zika. The hottest and wettest months of each year showed the highest percentages of positive samples, both for human and for mosquitoes’ cases as well. CONCLUSION: We concluded that a vectorial infestation by Aedes mosquitoes occurred in Vila Toninho, SJRP, throughout the study period, and that we have found the highest entomological rates between the spring and summer months, which are the hottest and wettest months, which favors the vectorial proliferation and consequently of arboviruses in humans. We also found the circulation of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and zika viruses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Therefore, we concluded that entomological studies that consider the climatic variables and the investigation of the viral circulation of arboviruses in mosquitoes and humans in endemic regions are important tools in supporting health authorities in decision-making. Conclusion: We concluded that a vectorial infestation by Aedes mosquitoes occurred in Vila Toninho, SJRP, throughout the study period, and that we have found the highest entomological rates between the spring and summer months, which are the hottest and wettest months, which favors the vectorial proliferation and consequently of arboviruses in humans. We have also found the circulation of Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Therefore, we concluded that entomological studies that consider the climatic variables and the investigation of the viral circulation of arboviruses in both mosquitoes and humans in endemic regions are important tools in supporting health authorities in decision-making.