Estresse percebido e autocuidado entre pessoas com diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares

Abstract

To identify the perceived stress and self-care of patients with diabetes regarding sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle habits. To associate the variables of interest (age, education, time since diagnosis, BMI, SBP, DBP, random blood glucose with self-care activities. Methods: Cross-sectional, prospective, quantitative study to understand the perceived and self-care stress of people with DM2, admitted to a cardiovascular hospital in São José do Rio Preto - SP, patients who agreed to sign the Free and Informed Consent Form participated in the study. The instruments for data collection were selected to know the perceived stress and self-care of people with DM2, hospitalized in a cardiovascular hospital, regarding sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, clinical variables, self-care and perceived stress. For this purpose, three instruments were used: a semi-structured questionnaire to verify the sociodemographic variables, lifestyle and clinical variables, a Questionnaire on Self-Care Activities with Diabetes and a Perceived Stress Scale. An interview was conducted with patients between the second and third day of hospitalization, nearly 10 to 15 minutes duration. At that time, all necessary data for the interview were collected. All data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, stored in the MS-Excel program, with double entry and validation. Afterwards, database was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, version 21.0, through which theanalyzes were performed. Results: It was found that in the present study, most patients were elderly, cardiac, hypertensive, did not practice physical activity, did not follow an adequate diet for DM2 daily, did not monitor blood glucose, did not practice leisure activities, did not perform care with his feet daily, they were not smokers and alcoholics and used oral hypoglycemic drugs correctly. The perceived stress level was 26.4, less than half of the total value, suggesting a low perception of stress in the sample. Regarding self-care domain, it was found that in general it was low, as they did not perform self-care on at least six days a week. The only domain most performed was specific feeding performed on average 5.2 days a week and the use of medication performed on average 4.7 days a week. As for the associations between the variables of interest, it was found that advanced age, BMI, SBP, DBP high values, random blood glucose and perceived stress were associated with self-care behaviors followed on fewer days of the week. Conclusion: The present study has provided information for DM2 treatment for a better planning on proper glycemic control. It has suggested that educational interventions or methodologies that can promote improvement on compliance to self-care behaviors and stress reduction, can influence health outcomes in people with DM2.